What is RAM and the difference between RAM, Virtual Memory & SWAP

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RAM        RAM (Random Access Memory) is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computer's processor. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer, the hard disk, floppy disk, and CD-ROM. However, the data in RAM stays there only as long as your computer is running. When you turn the computer off, RAM loses its data. When you turn your computer on again, your operating system and other files are once again loaded into RAM, usually from your hard disk. Types of RAM        The two main forms of modern RAM are static RAM (SRAM) and dynamic RAM (DRAM). In static RAM, a bit of data is stored using the state of a flip-flop. This form of RAM is...

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Master Boot Record ( MBR )

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     The Master Boot Record (MBR) is the information in the first sector of any hard disk or diskette that identifies how and where an operating system is located so that it can be boot(loaded) into the computer's main storage or random access memory. The Master Boot Record is also sometimes called the "partition sector" or the "master partition table" because it includes a table that locates each partition that the hard disk has been formatted into. In addition to this table, the MBR also includes a program that reads the boot sector record of the partition containing the operating system to be booted into RAM. In turn, that record contains a program that loads the rest of the operating system into RAM.  When you turn on your PC, the processor has to begin processing. However, your system memory is...

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Difference of several file systems

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1. FAT 16 (File Allocation Table 16) Actually before FAT16, notified before any file systems on MS-DOS that is FAT12, but because many lack the emerging FAT16. FAT16 itself was introduced by MS-DOS in 1981. Initially, the system is designed to manage file floppy disk, and has been amended several times, so it is used to set harddrive file. FAT16 is compatible advantage in almost every operating system, either Windows 95/98/Me, OS / 2, Linux and even Unix. But behind it all the biggest problem of FAT16 is having the capacity of a fixed number of clusters in the partition. So the bigger hard drive, the greater the cluster size. In addition, the lack of one FAT16 does not support compression, encryption and access control in a partition 2. FAT 32 (File Allocation Table 32) FAT32 system began in the know on the Windows 95 SP2 and...

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File System

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In a computer, a file system (sometimes written filesystem) is the way in which files are named and where they are placed logically for storage and retrieval. The DOS, Windows, OS/2, Macintosh, and UNIX-based operating systems all have file systems in which files are placed somewhere in a hierarchical (tree) structure. A file is placed in a directory (folder in Windows) or subdirectory at the desired place in the tree structure. File systems specify conventions for naming files. These conventions include the maximum number of characters in a name, which characters can be used, and, in some systems, how long the file name suffix can be. A file system also includes a format for specifying the path to a file through the structure of directories. Sometimes the term refers to the part of an operating system...

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The Key Ingredients of the OS

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         In computing, the kernel is the main component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level. The kernel's responsibilities include managing the system's resources (the communication between hardware and software components).Usually as a basic component of an operating system, a kernel can provide the lowest-level abstraction layer for the resources (especially processors and I/O devices) that application software must control to perform its function. It typically makes these facilities available to application processes through inter-process communication mechanisms and system calls.                  Operating system software on the...

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